PEREKONOMIAN
INDONESIA
SEKTOR PERTANIAN
Nama : Dessy Sagita ( 21215729 )
Dwi Choirunisa ( 22215037 )
Rani Andriyani (
25215658 )
Kelas : 1EB23
Kelompok : 6
UNIVERSITAS GUNADARMA
2016
KATA PENGANTAR
Puji syukur kami panjatkan kehadirat
Tuhan Yang Maha Esa karena dengan rahmat, karunia, serta taufik dan hidayah-Nya
kami dapat menyelesaikan makalah tentang Sektor Pertanian ini dengan baik
meskipun banyak kekurangan didalamnya. Dan juga kami berterima kasih pada Ibu
Nicky Handayani yang telah memberikan tugas makalah kepada kami .
Kami sangat berharap makalah ini
dapat berguna dalam rangka menambah wawasan serta pengetahuan kita mengenai
Sektor Pertanian, dan juga bagaimana memahi makna Sektor Pertanian. Kami juga
menyadari sepenuhnya bahwa di dalam makalah ini terdapat kekurangan dan jauh
dari kata sempurna. Oleh sebab itu, kami berharap adanya kritik, saran dan
usulan demi perbaikan makalah yang telah kami buat di masa yang akan datang,
mengingat tidak ada sesuatu yang sempurna tanpa saran yang membangun.
Semoga makalah sederhana ini dapat dipahami
bagi siapapun yang membacanya. Sekiranya laporan yang telah disusun ini dapat
berguna bagi kami sendiri maupun orang yang membacanya. Sebelumnya kami mohon
maaf apabila terdapat kesalahan kata-kata yang kurang berkenan dan kami memohon
kritik dan saran yang membangun demi perbaikan di masa depan.
Bekasi,
Juni 2016
Penyusun
1. Agricultural Sector in Indonesia
Approximately 18% of Indonesia's population worked in agriculture, mostly in very small scale. Therefore 2/3 of poor people in this country work in agriculture, the progress in the agricultural sector influence on the rise of related industries and ultimately beneficial to the reduction of poverty.
After Indonesia achieved self-sufficiency in 1984, no significant economic progress until 1997, the production increase is also mainly focused on the food other than rice. After the crisis that hit Asia in 1998, the prices of fertilizers and agricultural medicines soaring, coupled with famine and natural disasters, and others greatly affect the productivity of rice. Until now, the rice procurement stability even now the problem persists, then lately recur awareness of the importance of maintaining the productivity of rice.
Japan, through various schemes, has been providing support to progress in the agriculture sector in Indonesia, such as revamping the foundation of agricultural production, agricultural production techniques, agricultural strategy, research and development, and others. Therefore, in Indonesia there are wet and dry seasons, the availability of water for a year becomes crucial, improvement of irrigation system that is the foundation of agricultural production, a major influence on the increase in agricultural productivity.
Help improvement of irrigation systems in Indonesia by Japan, conducted through yen loans. Until 2007, it has carried out 49 projects with a value revamping irrigation assistance amounting to 291.6 billion yen. Through this project, the irrigation area of 370 thousand hectares of rice fields have been functioning again. This assistance began in 1970, through the improvement project of irrigation in the delta of the river Brantas in East Java province, then proceed with the project canalization of rivers snake in North Sumatra province (1971), the project's next Wai Jepara in Lampung province (1973), these kinds of projects many in Java and Sumatra. Entering the era of 1980, implemented irrigation projects in Riau Right, South Kalimantan (1984), irrigation projects Langkeme in the province of South Sulawesi (1985), followed by the project control small-scale irrigation in the province of Nusa Tenggara Timur (1989), and others ,
Thus, outside Java and Sumatrapun, irrigation improvement projects have been implemented. Currently, in the islands of Java and Sumatra, through a loan scheme Yen, being implemented improvement projects and maintenance of irrigation channels that already exist (Project rehabilitation and maintenance), then to the eastern region of Indonesia as the provinces on the island of Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara Barat, East Nusa Tenggara province, and others, were also conducted development and improvement of irrigation facilities (project management of small-scale irrigation).
On the project management of small-scale irrigation, besides revamping irrigation facilities, created cooperatives that regulate the flow of water to be used more effectively and efficiently, increasing the capability of provincial and local government, and also the application of techniques of intensification of rice (SRI: System of Rice Intensification) project implemented by a combination of these activities succeeded in increasing agricultural productivity and income of farmers. Reported that the cooperative use of water charge of maintaining irrigation facilities, managed to run the organization and make a profit, irrigation is also maintained.
By utilizing the irrigation has been organized so that irrigation can be as efficient as possible (irrigation truncated) SRI is a system of plant using rice seedlings to plant less than usual. After comparison with regions that apply the usual planting system, the implementation of SRI system in several pilot projects have proved that the SRI system can increase production by 84%, irrigation water use 40% less, with operating costs 25% lower. According to a survey of farmers conducted in five provinces that generate profits, obtained answer that after the implementation of this system, in addition to rice production rose, income was increased, in addition, the majority of subsistence farmers has increased.
Approximately 18% of Indonesia's population worked in agriculture, mostly in very small scale. Therefore 2/3 of poor people in this country work in agriculture, the progress in the agricultural sector influence on the rise of related industries and ultimately beneficial to the reduction of poverty.
After Indonesia achieved self-sufficiency in 1984, no significant economic progress until 1997, the production increase is also mainly focused on the food other than rice. After the crisis that hit Asia in 1998, the prices of fertilizers and agricultural medicines soaring, coupled with famine and natural disasters, and others greatly affect the productivity of rice. Until now, the rice procurement stability even now the problem persists, then lately recur awareness of the importance of maintaining the productivity of rice.
Japan, through various schemes, has been providing support to progress in the agriculture sector in Indonesia, such as revamping the foundation of agricultural production, agricultural production techniques, agricultural strategy, research and development, and others. Therefore, in Indonesia there are wet and dry seasons, the availability of water for a year becomes crucial, improvement of irrigation system that is the foundation of agricultural production, a major influence on the increase in agricultural productivity.
Help improvement of irrigation systems in Indonesia by Japan, conducted through yen loans. Until 2007, it has carried out 49 projects with a value revamping irrigation assistance amounting to 291.6 billion yen. Through this project, the irrigation area of 370 thousand hectares of rice fields have been functioning again. This assistance began in 1970, through the improvement project of irrigation in the delta of the river Brantas in East Java province, then proceed with the project canalization of rivers snake in North Sumatra province (1971), the project's next Wai Jepara in Lampung province (1973), these kinds of projects many in Java and Sumatra. Entering the era of 1980, implemented irrigation projects in Riau Right, South Kalimantan (1984), irrigation projects Langkeme in the province of South Sulawesi (1985), followed by the project control small-scale irrigation in the province of Nusa Tenggara Timur (1989), and others ,
Thus, outside Java and Sumatrapun, irrigation improvement projects have been implemented. Currently, in the islands of Java and Sumatra, through a loan scheme Yen, being implemented improvement projects and maintenance of irrigation channels that already exist (Project rehabilitation and maintenance), then to the eastern region of Indonesia as the provinces on the island of Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara Barat, East Nusa Tenggara province, and others, were also conducted development and improvement of irrigation facilities (project management of small-scale irrigation).
On the project management of small-scale irrigation, besides revamping irrigation facilities, created cooperatives that regulate the flow of water to be used more effectively and efficiently, increasing the capability of provincial and local government, and also the application of techniques of intensification of rice (SRI: System of Rice Intensification) project implemented by a combination of these activities succeeded in increasing agricultural productivity and income of farmers. Reported that the cooperative use of water charge of maintaining irrigation facilities, managed to run the organization and make a profit, irrigation is also maintained.
By utilizing the irrigation has been organized so that irrigation can be as efficient as possible (irrigation truncated) SRI is a system of plant using rice seedlings to plant less than usual. After comparison with regions that apply the usual planting system, the implementation of SRI system in several pilot projects have proved that the SRI system can increase production by 84%, irrigation water use 40% less, with operating costs 25% lower. According to a survey of farmers conducted in five provinces that generate profits, obtained answer that after the implementation of this system, in addition to rice production rose, income was increased, in addition, the majority of subsistence farmers has increased.
2. Farmer
Conceptually Farmer (NTP) is a measure of exchange of agricultural commodities produced by farmers against farmers products purchased for consumption purposes and uses in producing farm. The exchange rate of farmers (NTP Rice) is defined as the ratio between the prices received by farmers (HT) with the prices paid by farmers (HB) or NTP = HT / HB.
The analysis methods used are:
a. Analysis of the National Farmer.
b. Analysis and Policy Factors Affecting Farmer.
c. Analysis of Exchange Rate Income of Farm and Household Income.
d. Alternative Formulation of Policies Farmer as Farmers Welfare size as the Basic Materials Sector 2015-2019 RPJMN Agriculture.
3. Investment in Agricultural Sector
Since long been recognized that the investment or capital investment is very important in national development, including the agricultural sector, so it is one of the strategic activities to spur development and encourage high levels of economic growth. Increased investment through an increase in capital goods can have a positive impact on the economy.
Because the increase in the stock of capital goods nationally will boost economic activity and also can expand job opportunities. Investment is the company's overall expenses for the purchase of real capital goods, either to establish a new company or to expand existing businesses in order to gain profit.
4. Linkages Agriculture With Industry Manufacturing
Industry conditions in Indonesia when buffeted by the economic crisis showed that the industrial development strategy that has always relied on the manufacturing industry, turned out to be very fragile. On the other hand looked a need for the development of the agricultural industry are made from local farms is increasingly urgent to be addressed. The agricultural industry as well as other manufacturing industries is linked very closely with the various constituent components so that a comprehensive approach is warranted when providing solutions to problems right on target. Indusri development of agriculture is one of Indonesia's economic activities that have bright prospects to become the backbone of agricultural development with a strong foundation of idealism.
Factors supporting the agricultural industry, among others:
a. The availability of natural resources.
b. Rate of technological progress.
c. Competent labor market.
d. Domestic and international market demand.
REFERENSI
Supriatna, Nana. 2006. Keterkaitan Pertanian Dengan Industri Manufaktur. Jakarta :
Grafindo.
Kuswanto. 1998. Perkembangan
Sektor Pertanian. Jakarta : Universitas Gunadarma.
Contoh Kasus
Agriculture in
Indonesia Still Face Problems Classical - Indonesia As the State Agriculture
Still Need Rice Imports
Chairman of the Alumni Association of the Bogor Agricultural Institute (IPB-HA) Bambang Hendroyono, said the agriculture sector in Indonesia is still faced with the classic problem in order to increase national rice productivity.
It is said Bambang, the Regional Council HA-IPB in Bandar Lampung, Sunday (6/4), together with the management of HA-IPB inaugural Regional Leadership Council (DPD) Lampung. At least, said Bambang, there are two classic issues facing the agricultural sector. First, land conversion (agriculture) which annually reach 100,000 hectares. "Second, the tendency of the younger generation's behavior in the countryside are no longer interested in participating in the activities of rice farming because it is not interesting," he said in a press release received
JPNN
, The issue is very unfortunate for the fact that nearly 90 percent of the Indonesian people consume rice as a staple food daily. In fact, for nearly seven decades of Indonesian independence, dramatically government policy has made rice as a substitute for the diversity of staple food of the people of Indonesia. "Not only as a staple food, rice has become a symbol of prosperity and social stability of the society. Data Central Bureau of Statistics in 2013 says that about 20.4 million people are involved in agri-food. From this range, around 18 million people are likely to engage in agricultural activities rice, "said Bambang. It is said, in pascapanennya activity, rice farming involves no less than 200,000 mill scattered throughout Indonesia. Ironically, of the number of poor people in Indonesia were 28.07 million, nearly half of those working farmers are poor (about 13 million people). Data BPS states in 2004, there were 40, 61 million people aged 15 years and over who worked in agriculture, while in 2013, the figure dipped to 39.96 million people. This is allegedly due to the support of agricultural infrastructure such as dams, irrigation, primary to tertiary agricultural channel for increasing national agricultural productivity is still very low. Added, damage to irrigation canals in various regions have received less attention government, both central and local levels. Low agricultural productivity we show a portrait of the marginalization of agriculture and farmers Indonesia in national and regional policies. "This policy mistakes which then always be a justification for a policy of food imports, especially rice, maize, soya and meat," said Bambang
Chairman of the Alumni Association of the Bogor Agricultural Institute (IPB-HA) Bambang Hendroyono, said the agriculture sector in Indonesia is still faced with the classic problem in order to increase national rice productivity.
It is said Bambang, the Regional Council HA-IPB in Bandar Lampung, Sunday (6/4), together with the management of HA-IPB inaugural Regional Leadership Council (DPD) Lampung. At least, said Bambang, there are two classic issues facing the agricultural sector. First, land conversion (agriculture) which annually reach 100,000 hectares. "Second, the tendency of the younger generation's behavior in the countryside are no longer interested in participating in the activities of rice farming because it is not interesting," he said in a press release received
JPNN
, The issue is very unfortunate for the fact that nearly 90 percent of the Indonesian people consume rice as a staple food daily. In fact, for nearly seven decades of Indonesian independence, dramatically government policy has made rice as a substitute for the diversity of staple food of the people of Indonesia. "Not only as a staple food, rice has become a symbol of prosperity and social stability of the society. Data Central Bureau of Statistics in 2013 says that about 20.4 million people are involved in agri-food. From this range, around 18 million people are likely to engage in agricultural activities rice, "said Bambang. It is said, in pascapanennya activity, rice farming involves no less than 200,000 mill scattered throughout Indonesia. Ironically, of the number of poor people in Indonesia were 28.07 million, nearly half of those working farmers are poor (about 13 million people). Data BPS states in 2004, there were 40, 61 million people aged 15 years and over who worked in agriculture, while in 2013, the figure dipped to 39.96 million people. This is allegedly due to the support of agricultural infrastructure such as dams, irrigation, primary to tertiary agricultural channel for increasing national agricultural productivity is still very low. Added, damage to irrigation canals in various regions have received less attention government, both central and local levels. Low agricultural productivity we show a portrait of the marginalization of agriculture and farmers Indonesia in national and regional policies. "This policy mistakes which then always be a justification for a policy of food imports, especially rice, maize, soya and meat," said Bambang
Source:
Analysis:
Agriculture in Indonesia is vast but many young people who rarely even not interested in agriculture, the number of farms that are less utilized by the community, because of a decline in the level of agriculture, especially a lot of foodstuffs imported from foreign countries.
We as young people should pay more attention to things like this, for prosperity in agriculture. not only for pertania alone but for all sectors of agricultural land, corn, soybeans, etc.
Agriculture in Indonesia is vast but many young people who rarely even not interested in agriculture, the number of farms that are less utilized by the community, because of a decline in the level of agriculture, especially a lot of foodstuffs imported from foreign countries.
We as young people should pay more attention to things like this, for prosperity in agriculture. not only for pertania alone but for all sectors of agricultural land, corn, soybeans, etc.
